Resize partition in Window 7
Sometime you may have large space unused in a partition. Or may have small disk space available in the partition. In both conditions, you need to resize the partition. In the above practice, we have created a new partition. Now let's extend this partition.
Extend a Partition
In the Disk Management console, right-click on the partition that you want to extend, and click Extend Volume from the menu
Click Next on Welcome screen
For demonstration purpose we will extend 500 MB, You could extend as per your requirement from available space.
Click finish
We have successfully extended the partition size
Sometime you may create single partition during the installation of Window 7 leaving the remaining space of hard disk for further use. Or sometime you may need to resize the existing partition. In this article, we will
· Create a new partition in Window 7 after installation
· Resize the partition in Window 7
· Format the partition in Window 7
· Change drive letter of partition in Window 7
· Remove partition in Window 7
For this tutorial, we will use the built-in functionality of window 7. It is always worthy to use inbuilt functionality whenever possible despite using any third party utilities.
· To create a new partition you must be logged in as an administrator.
· There must be either unallocated or free disk space with an extended partition on the hard disk.
· If there is no unallocated disk space, you can create some by shrinking an existing partition, deleting a partition.
Create a new partition in Window 7 after installation
To create the new partition we need to access the Disk Management console.
Click the Start menu button and type diskmgmt.msc into the search box and then right-click the diskmgmt.msc entry and click Run as Administrator item from the context menu
You can also open disk management console from computer management
Click the Start menu button and right click on Computer from submenu and click Manage
From computer management console Click Storage in the right pane to launch Disk management tool
Click Next on the Welcome screen
Wizard will show all available space, you can take the empty space and divide it into several drives or you can use the remaining space for a single simple volume
the wizard will ask you to assign a drive letter or path for this volume
On the next screen, You can format or skip this partition.
- · You should format this volume under NTFS to take advantage of NTFS file system.
- · You should not change the allocation unit size setting unless you have a specific reason to change the allocation size.
- · You should assign a label to help you distinguish the new partition from other partition on your system.
- · You could choose a quick format that will take less time, but it will not find and mark bad sectors on the partition. So if have time uncheck this option for the complete format.
- NTFS file system has built-in compression that is a good choice if storage space is a top priority
On Last screen of wizard you have a summary of your choices. If you need to change any option, you have last opportunity to step back and make changes. When you are satisfied with your choices, click the Finished button
Depending on size of partition wizard will take few minutes to create and format it.
DATA RECOVERY
Data recovery is the process of recovering data from secondary storage devices ( including a hard disk, USB disk, memory card etc) when the data is no longer accessible normally. No matter how reliable storage device you use, any mechanical or electronic device always have a chance of failure. Fire, flood, earthquake or any other natural disaster can physically damage the storage device. This kind of damage known as physical damage and mostly cannot be repaired by the end user. These kinds of damage require special kind of hardware and technical expertise. Companies deploy several level backup strategies to deal with these kinds of situation.
In addition, there are other non-failure related causes of data loss like accidentally deleting files, repartitioning or formatting a disk etc. This kind of damage known as logical damage. In this section, we will try to recover these kinds of data.
USB data recovery
USB flash drive is one of the most widely used devices. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than an optical disc. USB flash drives have no moving parts. Additionally, they are immune to magnetic interference (unlike floppy disks) and unharmed by surface scratches (unlike CD, DVDs). USB flash drive used for storage, backup, and transfer of computer files. They are smaller, faster, have thousands of times more capacity, and are more durable and reliable. Currently, up to 512 GB drives available in the market. USB flash drives use the USB mass storage standard, supported natively by all modern operating systems such as Linux, Unix, Windows, as well as many BIOS boot ROMs.
There is always a chance of data loss from a USB drive. In this article, we will recover data from USB Flash drive.
Attach a pen drive to the system
Move some dummy data in it
Delete all files
Suppose that it was an important data and we need it back. We cannot restore it from Recycle bin.
Whenever you delete a file from USB drive operating system actually does not delete a file, it only deletes file allocation information and set disk space as unused.
Any new data transfer or creation of a file in the drive will reduce your chance of recovery. You should avoid using flash drive after discovering that you need to recover a file. You have a good chance of recovery until this disk space is used by another file.
To recovery file deleted from USB Flash drive download this free file recovery software
Recuva is best to file recovery software. Its freeware but work like the premium file recovery software.
Recuva is developed and distributed by piriform.com. You can always check and download the latest version of Recuva from their official site.
http://www.piriform.com/recuva/builds
From there, click the Download button corresponding to the download type you prefer. You can choose between Installer, Portable, or Slim. I personally recommend you use the portable version of Recuva.
Create a folder
Move the zipped file in it and extract
You can set the folder location to extract the files
Folder contains both 32 and 64-bit application depending on the system from extracted files Launch Recuva application
Recuva provides two mode wizard and advance. First, try wizard mode click Next
If you are looking for the specific file and know its file type, its good idea to select it here for better and faster recovery. We are going to recover all data so select first option and click Next
Select In specific location option and click browse button and select USB Flash drive
Click Next
That's all information Recuva wizard need to search for deleted file Click on Start
Recuva wizard will scan the USB Flash drive. Depending on size of drive and number of files wizard will take few minutes. Wizard will return with the list of files which it found
· Check box :- Allow you to select the files for recovery.
· File name :- Name of file
· Path :- Where this file was located before delete
· Size :- File size
· Status :- Current condition of file. Excellent have higher chance of recovery while bad or poor have lower chance or recovery.
· Comment:- Provide details about the file space, whether it has been replace with new file or not. That's why I have suggested you to avoid using flash drive after discovering that you need to recover a file.
Select the files which you need to recover and click Recover button
You need to provide the location for recovery. Do not use the same location from where data was delete. It is better to create a new folder on another location and use it for recovery.
In few minutes wizard will complete the recovery operations. Click Ok
Open the folder which you select for recovery and verify the
data
Now you can move this data back to USB Flash drive.
Full Form of hardware and networking devices
In Comptia N+ or A+ exam, you may have a question asking for the full form. Beside exam in the networking world, we have to face several situations where need the extended or complete form of abbreviated form. Here we tried to list few most of them with their full form.
AC
|
alternating current
|
ACPI
|
advanced configuration and power interface
|
ACT
|
activity
|
ADSL
|
asymmetrical digital subscriber line
|
AGP
|
accelerated graphics port
|
AMD
|
advanced micro devices
|
AMR
|
audio modem riser
|
APIPA
|
automatic private internet protocol addressing
|
APM
|
advanced power management
|
ARP
|
address resolution protocol
|
ASR
|
automated system recovery
|
AT
|
advanced technology
|
ATA
|
advanced technology attachment
|
ATAPI
|
advanced technology attachment packet interface
|
ATM
|
asynchronous transfer mode
|
ATX
|
advanced technology extended
|
BIOS
|
basic input/output system
|
BNC
|
Bayonet-Neill-Concelman or British Navel Connector
|
BRI
|
basic rate interface
|
BTX
|
balanced technology extended
|
CCD
|
charged coupled device
|
CD
|
compact disc
|
CD-ROM
|
compact disc-read-only memory
|
CD-RW
|
compact disc-rewritable
|
CDFS
|
compact disc file system
|
CMOS
|
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
|
CNR
|
communication network riser
|
COM1
|
communication port 1
|
CPU
|
central processing unit
|
CRIMM
|
continuity-rambus inline memory module
|
CRT
|
cathode-ray tube
|
DAC
|
discretionary access control
|
DB-25
|
serial communications D-shell connector, 25 pins
|
DB-9
|
9 pin D shell connector
|
DC
|
direct current
|
DDOS
|
distributed denial of service
|
DDR
|
double data-rate
|
DDR RAM
|
double data-rate random access memory
|
DDR SDRAM
|
double data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
|
DFS
|
distributed file system
|
DHCP
|
dynamic host configuration protocol
|
DIMM
|
dual inline memory module
|
DIN
|
Deutsche Industrie Norm
|
DIP
|
dual inline package
|
DLT
|
digital linear tape
|
DLP
|
digital light processing
|
DMA
|
direct memory access
|
DNS
|
domain name service or domain name server
|
DOS
|
disk operating system or denial of service
|
DPMS
|
display power management signaling
|
DRAM
|
dynamic random access memory
|
DSL
|
digital subscriber line
|
DVD
|
digital video disc or digital versatile disc
|
DVD-RAM
|
digital video disc-random access memory
|
DVD-ROM
|
digital video disc-read only memory
|
DVD-R
|
digital video disc-recordable
|
DVD-RW
|
digital video disc-rewritable
|
DVI
|
digital visual interface
|
ECC
|
error correction code
|
ECP
|
extended capabilities port
|
EEPROM
|
electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
|
EFS
|
encrypting file system
|
EIDE
|
enhanced integrated drive electronics
|
EISA
|
extended industry standard architecture
|
EMI
|
electromagnetic interference
|
EMP
|
electromagnetic pulse
|
EPROM
|
erasable programmable read-only memory
|
EPP
|
enhanced parallel port
|
ERD
|
emergency repair disk
|
ESD
|
electrostatic discharge
|
ESDI
|
enhanced small device interface
|
EVGA
|
extended video graphics adapter/array
|
EVDO
|
evolution data optimized or evolution data only
|
FAT
|
file allocation table
|
FAT12
|
12-bit file allocation table
|
FAT16
|
16-bit file allocation table
|
FAT32
|
32-bit file allocation table
|
FDD
|
floppy disk drive
|
FERPA
|
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
|
Fn
|
Function (referring to the function key on a laptop)
|
FPM
|
fast page-mode
|
FRU
|
field replaceable unit
|
FT
|
P file transfer protocol
|
FQDN
|
fully qualified domain name
|
GB
|
gigabyte
|
GDI
|
graphics device interface
|
GHz
|
gigahertz
|
GUI
|
graphical user interface
|
GPRS
|
general packet radio system
|
GSM
|
global system for mobile communications
|
HAL
|
hardware abstraction layer
|
HCL
|
hardware compatibility list
|
HDD
|
hard disk drive
|
HDMi
|
high definition media interface
|
HPFS
|
high performance file system
|
HTML
|
hypertext markup language
|
HTTP
|
hypertext transfer protocol
|
HTTPS
|
hypertext transfer protocol over secure sockets layer
|
I/O
|
input/output
|
ICMP
|
internet control message protocol
|
ICS
|
internet connection sharing
|
ICR
|
intelligent character recognition
|
IDE
|
integrated drive electronics
|
IEEE
|
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
|
IIS
|
Internet Information Services
|
IMAP
|
internet mail access protocol
|
IP
|
internet protocol
|
IPCONFIG
|
internet protocol configuration
|
IPP
|
internet printing protocol
|
IPSEC
|
internet protocol security
|
IPX
|
internetwork packet exchange
|
IPX/SPX
|
internetwork packet exchange/sequenced packet exchange
|
IR
|
infrared
|
IrDA
|
Infrared Data Association
|
IRQ
|
interrupt request
|
ISA
|
industry standard architecture
|
ISDN
|
integrated services digital network
|
ISO
|
Industry Standards Organization
|
ISP
|
internet service provider
|
KB
|
kilobyte
|
LAN
|
local area network
|
LBA
|
logical block addressing
|
LC
|
Lucent connector
|
LCD
|
liquid crystal display
|
LDAP
|
lightweight directory access protocol
|
LED
|
light emitting diode
|
LIP
|
or LiPoly lithium-ion polymer
|
Li-on
|
lithium-ion
|
LPD/LPR
|
line printer daemon / line printer remote
|
LPT
|
line printer terminal
|
LPT1
|
line printer terminal 1
|
LPX
|
low profile extended
|
LVD
|
low voltage differential
|
MAC
|
media access control
|
MAN
|
metropolitan area network
|
MAPI
|
messaging application programming interface
|
Mb
|
megabit
|
MB
|
megabyte
|
MBR
|
master boot record
|
MBSA
|
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
|
MCR
|
multivariant curve resolution
|
MFD
|
multi-function device
|
MFP
|
multi-function product
|
MHz
|
megahertz
|
MicroDIMM
|
micro dual inline memory module
|
MIDI
|
musical instrument digital interface
|
MIME
|
multipurpose internet mail extension
|
MLI
|
multiple link interface
|
MMC
|
Microsoft management console
|
MMX
|
multimedia extensions
|
MP3
|
Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio
|
MPEG
|
Moving Picture Experts Group
|
MSCONFIG
|
Microsoft configuration
|
MSDS
|
material safety data sheet
|
MUI
|
multilingual user interface
|
NAS
|
network-attached storage
|
NAT
|
network address translation
|
NetBIOS
|
networked basic input/output system
|
NetBEUI
|
networked basic input/output system extended user interface
|
NFS
|
network file system
|
NIC
|
network interface card
|
NiCd
|
nickel cadmium
|
NiMH
|
nickel metal hydride
|
NLI
|
not logged in or natural language interface
|
NLX
|
new low-profile extended
|
NNTP
|
network news transfer protocol
|
NTFS
|
new technology file system
|
NTLDR
|
new technology loader
|
NWLINK
|
Netware Link
|
OCR
|
optical character recognition
|
OEM
|
original equipment manufacturer
|
OMR
|
optical mark recognition
|
OS
|
operating system
|
OSR
|
original equipment manufacturer service release
|
PAN
|
personal area network
|
PATA
|
parallel advanced technology attachment
|
PC
|
personal computer
|
PCI
|
peripheral component interconnect
|
PCIe
|
peripheral component interconnect express
|
PCIX
|
peripheral component interconnect extended
|
PCL
|
printer control language
|
PCMCIA
|
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
|
PDA
|
personal digital assistant
|
PGA
|
pin grid array
|
PGA2
|
pin grid array 2
|
PIN
|
personal identification number
|
PKI
|
public key infrastructure
|
PnP
|
plug and play
|
POP
|
post office protocol
|
POP3
|
post office protocol 3
|
POST
|
power-on self test
|
POTS
|
plain old telephone service
|
PPP
|
point-to-point protocol
|
PPTP
|
point-to-point tunneling protocol
|
PRI
|
primary rate interface
|
PROM
|
programmable read-only memory
|
PS/2
|
Personal System/2 connector
|
PSTN
|
public switched telephone network
|
PVC
|
permanent virtual circuit
|
PXE
|
preboot execution environment
|
QoS
|
quality of service
|
RAID
|
redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) discs
|
RAM
|
random access memory
|
RAS
|
remote access service
|
RBAC
|
role-based access control or rule-based access control
|
RDRAM
|
RAMBUS dynamic random access memory
|
RF
|
radio frequency
|
RFI
|
radio frequency interference
|
RGB
|
red green blue
|
RIMM
|
RAMBUS inline memory module
|
RIP
|
routing information protocol
|
RIS
|
remote installation service
|
RISC
|
reduced instruction set computer
|
RJ
|
registered jack
|
RJ-11
|
registered jack function 11
|
RJ-45
|
registered jack function 45
|
RMA
|
returned materials authorization
|
ROM
|
read only memory
|
RS-232 or RS-232C
|
recommended standard 232
|
RTC
|
real-time clock
|
SAN
|
storage area network
|
SATA
|
serial advanced technology attachment
|
SC
|
subscription channel
|
SCSI
|
small computer system interface
|
SCSI ID
|
small computer system interface identifier
|
SD
|
card secure digital card
|
SDRAM
|
synchronous dynamic random access memory
|
SEC
|
single edge connector
|
SFC
|
system file checker
|
SGRAM
|
synchronous graphics random access memory
|
SIMM
|
single inline memory module
|
SLI
|
scalable link interface or system level integration or scanline interleave mode
|
SMB
|
server message block or small to midsize business
|
SMTP
|
simple mail transport protocol
|
SNMP
|
simple network management protocol
|
SoDIMM
|
small outline dual inline memory module
|
SOHO
|
small office/home office
|
SP
|
service pack
|
SP1
|
service pack 1
|
SP2
|
service pack 2
|
SPDIF
|
Sony-Philips digital interface format
|
SPGA
|
staggered pin grid array
|
SPX
|
sequenced package exchange
|
SRAM
|
static random access memory
|
SSH
|
secure shell
|
SSID
|
service set identifier
|
SSL
|
secure sockets layer
|
ST
|
straight tip
|
STP
|
shielded twisted pair
|
SVGA
|
super video graphics array
|
SXGA
|
super extended graphics array
|
TB
|
terabyte
|
TCP
|
transmission control protocol
|
TCP/IP
|
transmission control protocol/internet protocol
|
TDR
|
time domain reflectometer
|
TFTP
|
trivial file transfer protocol
|
UART
|
universal asynchronous receiver transmitter
|
UDF
|
user defined functions or universal disk format or universal data format
|
UDMA
|
ultra direct memory access
|
UDP
|
user datagram protocol
|
UL
|
Underwriter’s Laboratory
|
UNC
|
universal naming convention
|
UPS
|
uninterruptible power supply
|
URL
|
uniform resource locator
|
USB
|
universal serial bus
|
USMT
|
user state migration tool
|
UTP
|
unshielded twisted pair
|
UXGA
|
ultra extended graphics array
|
VESA
|
Video Electronics Standards Association
|
VFAT
|
virtual file allocation table
|
VGA
|
video graphics array
|
VoIP
|
voice over internet protocol
|
VPN
|
virtual private network
|
VRAM
|
video random access memory
|
WAN
|
wide area network
|
WAP
|
wireless application protocol
|
WEP
|
wired equivalent privacy
|
WIFI
|
wireless fidelity
|
WINS
|
windows internet name service
|
WLAN
|
wireless local area network
|
WPA
|
wireless protected access
|
WUXGA
|
wide ultra extended graphics array
|
XGA
|
extended graphics array
|
ZIF
|
zero-insertion-force
|
ZIP
|
zigzag inline package
|
